Sebaceous carcinoma in a mature teratoma of the ovary

The finding of a sebaceous carcinoma in a mature teratoma is rare in human pathology, with fewer than 10 cases currently reported in the literature. In this article, we report a case of sebaceous carcinoma in a mature teratoma of the ovary in a 59-year-old patient and discuss its histological findings.

Furosemide-induced pseudoporphyria in a patient with chronic kidney disease: case report / Pseudoporfiria induzida por furosemida em paciente com doença renal crônica: relato de caso

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pseudoporphyria is a rare photodermatosis with characteristics similar to those of porphyria cutanea tarda, without, however, presenting abnormalities in porphyrin metabolism. Its etiology is related to chronic kidney disease, ultraviolet radiation and certain medications. The aim of the present study is to describe a case of furosemide-related pseudoporphyria in a patient with chronic kidney disease. Case description: A 76-year-old male patient with stage 4 chronic kidney disease and in continuous use of furosemide presented ulcerated lesions with peripheral erythema and central hematic crust in the legs. On a skin infection suspicion, treatment with quinolone and neomycin sulfate was initiated, without improvement. A biopsy of the lesion was performed, with histopathological examination demonstrating findings compatible with porphyria, although the patient did not present high porphyrin levels. The diagnosis of furosemide-induced pseudoporphyria was then established, with medication suspension, and there was a significant improvement of the lesions. Discussion: There are few cases of pseudoporphyria described, but it is believed that this condition is underdiagnosed, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease. Both clinical and histopathological findings closely resemble porphyria, differentiating it from normal levels of porphyrin in plasma, urine, or feces. Conclusions: Although the lesions are mostly benign, they may increase the morbidity and mortality of these patients, so a proper diagnosis and early treatment are extremely important.

RESUMO Introdução: A pseudoporfiria é uma fotodermatose rara com características semelhantes às da porfiria cutânea tardia, sem, no entanto, apresentar anormalidades no metabolismo da porfirina. Sua etiologia está relacionada a doença renal crônica, radiação ultravioleta e determinados medicamentos. O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever um caso de pseudoporfiria relacionada a furosemida em paciente portador de doença renal crônica. Descrição do caso: Paciente masculino, 76 anos, com doença renal crônica estágio 4 e em uso contínuo de furosemida, apresentou lesões ulceradas com eritema periférico e crosta hemática central nas pernas. Por suspeita de infecção de pele, foi iniciado tratamento com quinolona e sulfato de neomicina, sem melhora. Foi realizada então biópsia da lesão, com exame histopatológico demonstrando achados compatíveis com porfiria, sem, no entanto, o paciente apresentar níveis elevados de porfirinas. Foi então estabelecido o diagnóstico de pseudoporfiria induzida por furosemida, com suspensão de medicação , e houve melhora significativa das lesões. Discussão: Há poucos casos de pseudoporfiria descritos, mas acredita-se que essa condição seja subdiagnosticada, principalmente em pacientes com doença renal crônica. Tanto achados clínicos quanto histopatológicos se assemelham muito à porfiria, diferenciando desta por níveis normais de porfirina no plasma, na urina ou nas fezes. Conclusões: Embora as lesões sejam majoritariamente benignas, podem aumentar a morbimortalidade desses pacientes, por isso um diagnóstico adequado e tratamento precoce são de extrema importância.

Furosemide-induced pseudoporphyria in a patient with chronic kidney disease: case report.

INTRODUCTION: Pseudoporphyria is a rare photodermatosis with characteristics similar to those of porphyria cutanea tarda, without, however, presenting abnormalities in porphyrin metabolism. Its etiology is related to chronic kidney disease, ultraviolet radiation and certain medications. The aim of the present study is to describe a case of furosemide-related pseudoporphyria in a patient with chronic kidney disease. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 76-year-old male patient with stage 4 chronic kidney disease and in continuous use of furosemide presented ulcerated lesions with peripheral erythema and central hematic crust in the legs. On a skin infection suspicion, treatment with quinolone and neomycin sulfate was initiated, without improvement. A biopsy of the lesion was performed, with histopathological examination demonstrating findings compatible with porphyria, although the patient did not present high porphyrin levels. The diagnosis of furosemide-induced pseudoporphyria was then established, with medication suspension, and there was a significant improvement of the lesions. DISCUSSION: There are few cases of pseudoporphyria described, but it is believed that this condition is underdiagnosed, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease. Both clinical and histopathological findings closely resemble porphyria, differentiating it from normal levels of porphyrin in plasma, urine, or feces. CONCLUSIONS: Although the lesions are mostly benign, they may increase the morbidity and mortality of these patients, so a proper diagnosis and early treatment are extremely important.

Reduced immunohistochemical expression of CCN3 in vitiligo.

BACKGROUND: Defective adhesion seems to be involved in the chronic loss of melanocytes observed in vitiligo. Recent findings showed an association of genetic variants of an adhesion gene with vitiligo and reduced immunohistochemical expression of some adhesion molecules in vitiligo skin. AIMS: To compare CCN3 immunohistochemical expression in lesional and non-lesional epidermis of individuals with vitiligo. METHODS: A total of 66 skin specimens from 33 volunteers with vitiligo were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using anti-CCN3 antibodies. Absence of topical or systemic treatment for vitiligo over the previous 30 days and availability of an area of non-lesional skin for biopsy at least 15 cm away from any vitiliginous macules were the main inclusion criteria. RESULTS: A significant reduction of CCN3 expression was observed in lesional skin as compared to non-lesional skin (P = 0.001). LIMITATIONS: Paraffin embedded skin samples do not allow investigation by molecular biology methods. Not all samples allowed analysis due to the lamina preparation technique. Complete clinical data was not available for all patients. CONCLUSION: Our results support the hypothesis of impaired cell adhesion in vitiligo suggested by genetic studies. The pattern of immunohistochemical expression suggests that vitiligo might be an epithelial disease and not just a melanocyte disorder.

Sebaceous carcinoma in a mature teratoma of the ovary.

The finding of a sebaceous carcinoma in a mature teratoma is rare in human pathology, with fewer than 10 cases currently reported in the literature. In this article, we report a case of sebaceous carcinoma in a mature teratoma of the ovary in a 59-year-old patient and discuss its histological findings.

Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor: Rare Manifestation in Face.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, also known as inflammatory pseudotumor and plasma cell granuloma, is a tumor that occurs most often in the lungs, abdomen, skin, soft tissue, genital system, and mediastinal. Before surgery, the diagnosis is difficult to establish because of its diverse manifestations. In the head and neck, manifestation is rare and may occur in the upper respiratory tract, soft tissues, orbits, and skull base. This article aims to report a rare manifestation of the disease in the face, highlighting the importance of a correct diagnosis to determine the most appropriate form of treatment, in male patient, leucoderma, 22 years old, with complain of a painless unilateral growth in the left cheek, beginning 2 months before and with progressive growth.

Reduced immunohistochemical expression of adhesion molecules in vitiligo skin biopsies.

Because defects in adhesion impairment seem to be involved in the etiopathogenesis of vitiligo, this study aimed to compare the immunohistochemical expression of several adhesion molecules in the epidermis of vitiligo and non lesional vitiligo skin. Sixty-six specimens of lesional and non lesional skin from 33 volunteers with vitiligo were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using anti-beta-catenin, anti-E-cadherin, anti-laminin, anti-beta1 integrin, anti-collagen IV, anti-ICAM-1 and anti-VCAM-1 antibodies. Biopsies of vitiligo skin demonstrated a significant reduction in the expression of laminin and integrin. The average value of the immunohistochemically positive reaction area of the vitiligo specimens was 3053.2µm2, compared with the observed value of 3431.8µm2 in non vitiligo skin (p=0.003) for laminin. The immuno-positive area was 7174.6µm2 (vitiligo) and 8966.7µm2 (non lesional skin) for integrin (p=0.042). A reduction in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in the basal layer of the epidermis in vitiligo samples was also observed (p=0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). However, no significant differences were observed with respect to the expression of beta-catenin, E-cadherin, and collagen IV between vitiligo and non lesional skin. Our results suggest that an impairment in adhesion exists in vitiligo skin, which is supported by the diminished immunohistochemical expression of laminin, beta1 integrin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.

Core needle biopsy in the diagnosis of head and neck lesions: a retrospective study of 3 years.

The management of head and neck tumors is guided by its nature, location and extension. Despite CNB accuracy and efficiency being widely described in the literature, there are few studies that evaluate the diagnostic utility of the technique performed in an outpatient setting, in the diagnosis of head and neck tumors. The aim of this study is to present the experience, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the CNB performed in an outpatient setting, free handed, in an important oncology school-hospital. A total of 2007 patients with tumors in the head and neck treated for a period of 3 years were evaluated. A retrospective chart review was performed in 36 of these patients, who underwent core needle biopsy for diagnosis. All samples collected were subjected to histopathological analysis. Values of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were 94, 92 and 100 %, respectively. In our service, held in an outpatient setting and without the aid of imaging tests, the core needle biopsy proved to be a test with high accuracy values, sensitivity and specificity, easy of application, low morbidity and high predictability, with great use in diagnosing tumors in head and neck.

The role of P16ink4a and P53 immunostaining in predicting recurrence of HG-CIN after conization treatment.

OBJECTIVE: Io evaluate the expression of p16INK4a and p53 biomarkers in conization specimens from patients with high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-CIN), correlating them with the ability to predict the recurrence. METHODS: we conducted a retrospective study of patients with HG-CIN in cervical biopsy treated with conization between January 1999 and January 2006 who had a minimum follow-up of 18 months. The expression of the p16 and p53 was assessed by tissue microarrays and correlated with disease recurrence. For analysis, we used the test of proportions (chi-square), considering value p<0.05, 95% CI and calculations of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of these immunomarkers in predicting recurrence. RESULTS: the series comprised 83 patients aged between 16 and 86 years (35±11.7), divided into two groups: 30 with HG-CIN recurrence (study group) and 53 without recurrence (control group). Mean age, parity, smoking and conization technique were similar in both groups. The p53 expression was present in 43% of the study group and 57% of the control group, and the p16 was present in 43% of the study group and in 57% of the control group (p>0.05). p53 had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 42% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 73%, sensitivity 70%, specificity of 47% and accuracy of 59%. The p16, PPV 42%, NPV 72%, sensitivity 66%, specificity of 49% and accuracy of 56%. CONCLUSION: immunohistochemistry expression of p53 and p16 showed low sensitivity and low specificity as predictors of HG-CIN recurrence after conization treatment.

The role of P16ink4a and P53 immunostaining in predicting recurrence of HG-CIN after conization treatment / O papel da expressão imunoistoquímica do P16ink4a e do P53 na predição da recorrência da nic-ag após tratamento por conização

Objective: Io evaluate the expression of p16INK4a and p53 biomarkers in conization specimens from patients with high grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-CIN), correlating them with the ability to predict the recurrence. Methods : we conducted a retrospective study of patients with HG-CIN in cervical biopsy treated with conization between January 1999 and January 2006 who had a minimum follow-up of 18 months. The expression of the p16 and p53 was assessed by tissue microarrays and correlated with disease recurrence. For analysis, we used the test of proportions (chi-square), considering value p<0.05, 95% CI and calculations of sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of these immunomarkers in predicting recurrence. Results : the series comprised 83 patients aged between 16 and 86 years (35±11.7), divided into two groups: 30 with HG-CIN recurrence (study group) and 53 without recurrence (control group). Mean age, parity, smoking and conization technique were similar in both groups. The p53 expression was present in 43% of the study group and 57% of the control group, and the p16 was present in 43% of the study group and in 57% of the control group (p>0.05). p53 had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 42% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 73%, sensitivity 70%, specificity of 47% and accuracy of 59%. The p16, PPV 42%, NPV 72%, sensitivity 66%, specificity of 49% and accuracy of 56%. Conclusion : immunohistochemistry expression of p53 and p16 showed low sensitivity and low specificity as predictors of HG-CIN recurrence after conization treatment.

Objetivo : avaliar a expressão dos biomarcadores p16INK4a e p53, nas peças de conização de pacientes com neoplasia intraepitelial cervical de alto grau (NIC-AG), correlacionando com a capacidade de predizer o risco de recorrência. Métodos : estudo retrospectivo de pacientes com NIC-AG em biópsia de colo uterino, tratadas por conização, entre janeiro de 1999 e janeiro de 2006 e seguimento mínimo de 18 meses. A expressão dos biomarcadores p16 e p53 foi avaliada através de técnica de microarranjos teciduais e correlacionada com a recorrência da doença. Para análise utilizou-se o teste das proporções (qui-quadrado), considerando valor p<0,05, IC95% e cálculos de sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia destes imunomarcadores na predição de recorrência. Resultados : oitenta e três pacientes, idade entre 16 e 86 anos (35±11,7), divididas em dois grupos: 30 com recorrência da NIC-AG (grupo estudo) e 53 sem recorrência (grupo controle). A média de idade, paridade, hábito de fumar e técnica de conização foram semelhantes nos dois grupos. A expressão do p53 esteve presente em 43% do grupo estudo e 57% do grupo controle e para o p16 esteve presente em 43% do grupo estudo e 57% do grupo controle (p>0,05). O p53 apresentou valor preditivo positivo (VPP) de 42% e valor preditivo negativo (VPN) de 73%, sensibilidade de 70%, especificidade de 47% e acurácia de 59%. O p16, VPP de 42% e VPN de 72%, sensibilidade de 66%, especificidade de 49% e acurácia de 56%. Conclusão : a expressão imunoistoquiímica do p53 e do p16 apresentaram baixa sensibilidade e baixa especificidade como marcadores capazes de predizer a recorrência da NIC-AG tratada por conização.

Immunohistochemical assessment of HER2 expression in gastric cancer in a cohort of 118 Brazilian patients / Avaliação da expressão imuno-histoquímica do HER2 em câncer gástrico em uma coorte de 118 pacientes brasileiros

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies indicate a role of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) in the development of numerous types of human cancer, including gastric cancer, and its overexpression correlates with poor prognosis and increased aggressiveness of this neoplasm. OBJECTIVES: Identify and evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of HER2 in gastric cancer from biopsies, surgical resection specimens, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis, and evaluate their correlation with currently known clinical and histopathological prognostic factors. METHODS: Samples from 118 patients of both sexes and all age groups diagnosed with gastric cancer were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry (IHQ) was performed using the HER2 antibody, and its evaluation was made according to the modified gastric cancer testing protocol, taking into account incomplete basolateral staining or only lateral staining. RESULTS: HER2 expression did not correlate with any histological prognostic factors or clinical outcome, except for the N stage. By comparing the HER2 expression in biopsies, surgical specimen, lymph node and metastasis, 88.1% were in agreement. CONCLUSION: As anti-HER2 therapies are becoming the standard of care in gastric cancer, currently available data indicate that IHQ should be used as the screening test, and the pathologist has an important role to ensure an accurate testing of HER2 status in these tumors. In addition, the HER2 status can be tested using the available samples from biopsies, surgical specimens, nodal and extranodal metastatic disease.

INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos recentes indicam o papel do human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) no desenvolvimento de vários tipos de câncer, incluindo o gástrico. Sua superexpressão correlaciona-se com pior prognóstico e maior agressividade dessa neoplasia. OBJETIVOS: Identificar e avaliar a expressão imuno-histoquímica de HER2 no câncer gástrico de biópsias, espécimes de ressecção cirúrgica, metástase linfonodal e metástase a distância, bem como analisar sua correlação com fatores prognósticos clínicos e histopatológicos conhecidos atualmente. MÉTODOS: Amostras de 118 pacientes de ambos os sexos e todas as faixas etárias diagnosticados com câncer gástrico foram analisadas. A imuno-histoquímica foi realizada utilizando o anticorpo HER2, e a sua avaliação foi feita de acordo com o protocolo do teste modificado do câncer gástrico, levando em conta a coloração basolateral ou lateral incompleta. RESULTADOS: A expressão do HER2 não apresentou correlação com quaisquer fatores histológicos e prognósticos ou evolução clínica, com exceção do estádio N. Ao comparar a expressão HER2 nas biópsias de peças cirúrgicas, linfonodos e metástases, observou-se que 88,1% dos espécimes apresentaram concordância. CONCLUSÃO: Como as terapias anti-HER2 estão se tornando o padrão para o tratamento do câncer gástrico, os dados atualmente disponíveis indicam que a imuno-histoquímica deve ser usada como teste de rastreamento. O patologista tem um papel importante para determinar a expressão do marcador nesses tumores. Ademais, o status do HER2 pode ser testado usando as amostras disponíveis de biópsias, peças cirúrgicas e doença metastática nodal e extranodal.

Câncer de mama oculto em homem com metástase para tecido celular subcutâneo axilar: relato de caso / Occult breast cancer in man with axillary subcutaneous tissue metastasis: case report

O câncer oculto de mama, que representa menos de 1% de todos os casos de câncer de mama, é definido como doença não identificada durante o exame físico do paciente nem por exames de imagem da mama, mas que apresenta linfadenopatia axilar compatível para câncer por meio de exames imuno-histoquímicos. Apenas 1% dos casos de câncer de mama acomete indivíduos do sexo masculino. Além disso, representa menos de 1% de todos os cânceres em homens, e tal o câncer representa menos de 1% de todos os cânceres em homens. Apresentou-se o caso de um homem de 54 anos com câncer de mama oculto apresentando metástase para tecido subcutâneo axilar, apresentado como nódulo em topografia axilar esquerda. Após a exérese da lesão, o paciente foi submetido à adenomastectomia bilateral e linfadenectomia axilar à esquerda, sendo o exame anatomopatológico das peças negativo para neoplasia. O paciente realizou radioterapia complementar e encontra-se em hormonioterapia com tamoxifeno (cinco anos). No momento, encontra-se em seguimento sem evidência de doença em atividade. Concluiu-se que o câncer de mama oculto em homem é raro e, por isso, ainda existem divergências sobre o tratamento definitivo, não devendo nunca se subestimar queixas mamárias.

Occult breast cancer, which represents less than 1% of all the cases of breast cancer, is defined as axillary metastasis without clinically and/or radiologically evident primary tumor, but the axillary metastasis is compatible with cancer through immunohistochemistry examinations. Only 1% of the cases of breast cancer occurs in men, and breast cancer accounts for less than 1% of all cancers in men. The authors presented a case study of a 54 year old man with occult breast cancer presenting axillary metastasis to subcutaneous tissue in the left axillary node topography. After excision, the patient underwent bilateral adenomastectomy and left axillary lymphadenectomy, with the pathologic diagnosis negative for any trace of malignancy. The patient underwent radiotherapy and is on hormone therapy with tamoxifen for five years. At the moment, he lies in tracking without evidence of active disease. It was concluded that occult breast cancer is rare in men and, due to that, there are still disagreements over the definitive treatment that can be done to this disease. Another important point is that breast complaints should never be underestimate in male patients.

Neoplasia intraepitelial cervical: da etiopatogenia ao desempenho da tecnologia no rastreio e no seguimento / CIN: from pathological aspects to the efficiency of the methods used in screening and follow up

O câncer do colo uterino é o segundo tipo de câncer mais comum no sexo feminino, sendo responsável pelo óbito de até 250 mil mulheres ao ano. Ainda permanece como um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública em países em desenvolvimento, especialmente na América Latina e no Caribe. Apesar de se rpassível de prevenção, os esforços coletivos para implementar programas de rastreamento ainda não têm reduzido, com sucesso, a mortalidade pela doença.A descoberta das lesões precursoras e seu adequado tratamento, além de medidas abrangentes para a prevenção da infecção pelo HPV, podem ser o caminho mais adequado para evitar a morte prematura de tantas mulheres. Frequentemente as discussões estão focadas no tipo de teste a se utilizar, que possa se adequar à realidade dos países em desenvolvimento. Destacam-se, neste contexto, os esforços para a introdução de novas metodologias de rastreamento,sobretudo em países com poucos recursos financeiros. É incessante a busca atual por marcadores tumorais capazes de, especificamente, atribuir riscos diferenciados aos tumores associados ao HPV

The cervix cancer is the second most common type of cancer in females. It is responsible for the death of until 250,000 women every year and about 80% of the cases occur in developing countries. This type of cancer still remains as one of the biggest problems in public health in developing countries,especially in Latin America and the Caribbean. Despite of this disease can be preventable, the cooperative efforts to implement screening programs,haven't still reduced successfully the deaths from this disease. When pre-cancerous modifications are found in the cervical tissue and had an adequatetreatment, can contribute to avoid the premature death of a great number of women. Frequently the discussion is about which test can be used accordingto the reality of developing countries. In this context, the efforts to the developing of new methodologies of screening, mainly in countries with fewfinancial resources, is very important. It is endless and intense the present searching for tumor markers capable of, specifically, to attribute differentiated risks to tumors associated to HPV.

Trichilemmal carcinoma: case report.

The trichilemmal carcinoma is a rare tumor that usually occurs on sun-exposed skin, especially on the face, scalp, neck and back of hands, mainly in elderly subjects but commonly between the 4th and 9th decades of life. It is not a gender-based illness. This study shows a difficult to treat case of recurrent trichilemmal carcinoma on the same location of a basal-cell carcinoma previously treated with surgery and radiotherapy.

Lesões cervicais intraepiteliais de alto grau: avaliação dos fatores determinantes de evolução desfavorável após conização / High-grade intraepithelial cervical lesions: evaluation of the factors determining an unfavorable outcome after conization

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os fatores determinantes de evolução desfavorável da neoplasia intraepitelial cervical (NIC), tratada por conização. MÉTODOS: Foi feito um estudo retrospectivo com acompanhamento de pacientes, com diagnóstico cito-histológico de NIC, tratadas por conização (técnica clássica e cirurgia de alta frequência), no período de janeiro de 1999 a janeiro de 2006. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: Estudo (evolução desfavorável: persistência, recorrência ou progressão da lesão) e Controle (cura clínica, amostra aleatória dentro do grupo conizado), num seguimento mínimo de 18 meses. Foram feitas análises estatísticas uni e bivariada das variáveis, usando-se teste das proporções (teste do c2 ou teste exato de Fischer) e considerando-se valor p£0,05. RESULTADOS: Quarenta e oito pacientes apresentaram recorrência ou progressão da doença (grupo estudo) e 65 apresentaram cura clínica (grupo controle). A idade e a paridade foram semelhantes nos dois grupos, conforme média e desvio padrão calculados. Não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto ao hábito de fumar e ao método anticoncepcional utilizado. O percentual de recorrência nessa amostra foi de 14,6 por cento. Somente margens excisionais comprometidas por lesão foram preditoras de recorrência/progressão da doença (p<0,001). A técnica de conização, o cirurgião, o grau da NIC, a presença de extensão glandular e o volume de colo uterino retirados não foram determinantes de evolução desfavorável da doença, após o tratamento cirúrgico, nesta amostra. CONCLUSÃO: A recidiva/persistência ou progressão de NIC2 e 3, pós-tratamento cirúrgico por conização, foi relacionada apenas à margens excisionais comprometidas do produto de conização.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of various factors related to the conization process in cytological/histological cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN), after therapeutic conization. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of patients who had undergone conization due to CIN 2 and 3, from January 1999 to January 2006. They were divided into two groups: case group (residual disease or recurrence) and control group (without residual disease or recurrence), during 18 months of follow up. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to define the predictive factors of disease recurrence. The c2 test or Fisher exact test was used for statistical analysis, with the level of significance set at p£0.05. RESULTS: Forty-eight patients showed recurrence/progression of CIN (case group) and 65 showed no recurrence/progression of disease (control group). Age and parity were similar in the two groups, as determined by calculation of the mean and standard deviation. There was no difference in smoking habits or in the use of contraceptive methods. The recurrence rate was 14.6 percent. Only conization positive margins were predictors of recurrence/progression (p<0.001). The conization techinique, the surgeon, CIN grade, gland involvement, and size of the uterine volume removed were not related to the evolution of disease after surgery. CONCLUSION: The recurrence of CIN 2 and 3 was related to positive margins in the product of conization.

Carcinoma triquilemal: relato de caso / Trichilemmal carcinoma: case report

O carcinoma triquilemal é um tumor raro, que ocorre, geralmente, na pele exposta ao sol, principalmente face, couro cabeludo, pescoço e dorso das mãos, em indivíduos idosos, entre a 4ª e 9ª décadas de vida, sem predilação por sexo. O presente estudo mostra um caso de carcinoma triquilemal, recidivado, de difícil tratamento, em mesma topografia de um carcinoma basocelular tratado previamente com cirurgia e radioterapia.

The trichilemmal carcinoma is a rare tumor that usually occurs on sun-exposed skin, especially on the face, scalp, neck and back of hands, mainly in elderly subjects but commonly between the 4th and 9th decades of life. It is not a gender-based illness. This study shows a difficult to treat case of recurrent trichilemmal carcinoma on the same location of a basal-cell carcinoma previously treated with surgery and radiotherapy.

Carcinoma apócrino de mama: relato de caso e revisão de literatura / Apocrine breast carcinoma: a case report and literature review

O carcinoma apócrino de mama é raro e, por esse motivo, permanece com origem e definição controversas. Há quem acredite que se trate de uma variante do carcinoma invasivo. Apresenta-se em cerca de 0,5 a 8% dos casos de carcinoma mamário, não sendo possível sua diferenciação em relação aos carcinomas usuais da mama por meio de exames radiológicos. O diagnóstico pode ser realizado pela citologia, que é típica desse tumor. Geralmente é positivo para a GCDFP-15(gross cystic disease fluid protein-15), marcador de diferenciação apócrina mais confiável do que amorfologia. A imunoistoquímica costuma ser negativa para estrógeno e progesterona e positiva para o receptor de andrógeno. A taxa de positividade para a p53, HER-2 e BCL-2 em carcinomas apócrinos é quase a mesma que para os carcinomas não apócrinos. O tratamento é cirúrgico; a adjuvância costuma ser a mesma do carcinoma ductal invasor e, ao que tudo indica, também tem o mesmo prognóstico.

Apocrine carcinoma of the breast is a rare condition, and for this reason its origin and definition remains controversial. Some believe that is a variant of invasive carcinoma. The incidence of this disease is about 0.5 to 8% of the new diagnosed cases of breast carcinoma. Since it is not possible to differentiate the apocrine carcinoma from the usual breast carcinomas by using radiological images, diagnosis can be made by cytology showing typical alterations of this tumor. It is usually positive for GCDFP-15 (gross cystic disease fluid protein-15), a marker of apocrine differentiation more reliable than morphology. This type of tumor is often negative for estrogen and progesterone and positive for the androgen receptor. The rate of positivity for p53, HER-2 and BCL-2 in apocrine carcinomas is almost the same as for non-apocrine carcinomas. The surgical and adjuvant treatment is normally the same as invasive ductal carcinoma, and both seem also to have the same prognosis.